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                  <text>Modoc County</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0006 Fremont's Camp&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
0.7 mi N of old Alturas Hwy (Co Rd 114) and Hwy 139 jct, 12 mi SE of Tule Lake&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The location above is from the OHP, exact camp location is hard to know.&amp;nbsp; Nothing remains of the site, as far as I know.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B051'17.4%22N+121%C2%B018'52.8%22W/@41.854829,-121.31467,961m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;~41.854829,-121.314670&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
No plaque&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
John C. Frémont's expedition from Fort Sutter to Upper Klamath Lake, which included Kit Carson and other scouts, camped here May 1-4, 1846. They were the first non-Indians ever to pass this way.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Registered 6/1/1932</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0008 Bloody Point&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Just off of Co Rd 104, about 0.6 mi west of Rd 114, Tulelake&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B057'21.3%22N+121%C2%B021'14.0%22W/@41.955927,-121.35389,960m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.955927,-121.353890&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
No plaque&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
In 1850 one of the bloodiest massacres of emigrants ever known on the Oregon Trail occurred here when Modoc Indians killed over 90 men, women, and children in a surprise attack. The following year another large party narrowly escaped the same fate, and the Indians succeeded in killing several smaller parties here.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Registered 6/1/1932</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0014 Cressler and Bonner Trading Post, 1865&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Cedarville Park, Center St between Bonner and Townsend Sts, Cedarville&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B031'44.0%22N+120%C2%B010'25.6%22W/@41.528883,-120.173787,960m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.528883,-120.173787&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Private plaque&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Cressler-Bonner Trading Post&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first building erected in Deep Creek settlement, now Cedarville, was built in 1865 as a trading post by James Townsend, who was killed in an indian fight it 1866.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Purchased by William T. Cressler and John H. Bonner in 1867, the building was used as a trading post and general store until larger quarters were built in 1874.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mercantile, banking and ranching firm of Cressler and Bonner played a major roll in the settlement and development of Surprise Valley and Modoc County.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The land for Cedarville Park was donated to Modoc County by descendants of Mr. Gressler in 1957 and the building was reconstructed in 1977 with funds provided by The State Recreational Bond Act of 1974.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Cressler and Bonner started the first mercantile establishment in Modoc County here, in the first building erected in the town of Cedarville. They carried on a thriving business with emigrants en route to California and Oregon, and later with Surprise Valley settlers.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Registered 6/1/1932</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0015 Bonner Grade&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Cedar Pass, State Hwy 299 (P.M. 51.3), 6.2 mi W of Cedarville&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B033'43.1%22N+120%C2%B016'08.4%22W/@41.561966,-120.269002,966m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;~41.561966,-120.269002&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
No plaque&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
The first road from Cedarville to Alturas followed the course of the present highway over Warner Mountains from Surprise Valley. It was named in honor of John H. Bonner, who was instrumental in securing the construction of the road over Bonner Grade in 1869.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Registered 6/1/1932</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0016 Infernal Caverns Battleground, 1867&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Ferry Ranch on Co Rd 60, site is 1 mi SW of Ranch, 6.5 mi NW of Likely&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I haven't visited, but I have heard the directions are not straightforward.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B016'21.4%22N+120%C2%B034'38.2%22W/@41.272603,-120.5793527,819m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d41.272603!4d-120.577278?hl=en&amp;amp;authuser=1"&gt;41.272603, -120.577278&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
No plaque&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
This is the site of the battle between U.S. troops and Shoshone, Paiute, and Pit Indians on September 26 and 27, 1867. The Indians took refuge in a series of caverns located at the top of a rocky slope. Over a third of the command was killed or wounded in the battle, six soldiers were buried at the foot of the slope.</text>
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                <text>Registered 6/1/1932</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0108 Battle of Land's Ranch, 1872&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
0.2 mi S of intersection of State Hwy 139 and Co Rd 114, 12.1 mi SE of Tule Lake&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nothing remains of this site, as far as I know.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
No plaque, though there is a state road sign.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;OHP description:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
One of the engagements of the Modoc War took place on December 21, 1872, on what was then known as the Land's Ranch. Army supply wagons, escorted by cavalrymen, had reached camp in safety, but several of the soldiers who had dropped behind were suddenly attacked by Indians hiding among the rocks above the road. Two men were killed and several wounded.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Registered 3/29/1933</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0109 Chimney Rock&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Beside RR track along State Hwy 395 (P.M. 30.3), 7.5 mi N of intersection of 395 and 299 in Alturas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B033'55.9%22N+120%C2%B026'28.3%22W/@41.565517,-120.4412,960m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.565517,-120.441200&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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Private plaque&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Site of pioneer cabin built by Thomas A. Denson in 1871. This marker is dedicated to the pioneers of Modoc County by Alturas Parlor 159, Native Daughters of the Golden West, September 21, 1932.&#13;
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The chimney was cut out of the solid rock by Thomas L. Denson, who came west by the way of the Santa Fe Trail in 1852. In 1870 Denson built his cabin, the second building to be erected in the Pit River Valley, alongside a pyramid-shaped rock, cutting the fireplace and flue out of the solid rock itself.&#13;
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                <text>Registered 3/29/1933</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0111 Old Emigrant Trail&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
5.0 mi NW of Co Rd 84, 9.3 mi NW of Canby&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B025'12.7%22N+121%C2%B000'21.2%22W/@41.420196,-121.005881,962m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.420196,-121.005881&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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Private plaque&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Lassen Trail - Pit River Canyon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"We were obliged to cross the stream quite a number of times.&amp;nbsp; In consequence of the canons of rock which confine it to a narrow bed." - Amos Batchelder, Sep 29, 1849&#13;
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Near the present Pit River-Happy Camp Road this old pioneer trail, part of one of the earliest roads in northeastern California, is yet easily traced. Trees eight to ten inches in diameter are growing in the old road bed.&#13;
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                <text>Registered 3/29/1933</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0125 Evans and Bailey Fight, 1861&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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On top of hill, 500 ft S of Centerville Rd, 4.9 mi SE of Canby&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The marker at the top of the hill is on private property.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p jstcache="139" jsinstance="*0" class="section-hero-header-title-subtitle"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B024'57.2%22N+120%C2%B048'09.3%22W/@41.41588,-120.8031282,216m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d41.41588!4d-120.802581?hl=en&amp;amp;authuser=1"&gt;41.415880, -120.802581&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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The marker on the hill is a monument.&amp;nbsp; There is a second private plaque located along the road.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B025'03.6%22N+120%C2%B048'04.9%22W/@41.417679,-120.801357,962m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.417679,-120.801357&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Monument text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
In memory of S.D. Evans Sr. of Roseburg Ore. and Joe Bailey of Eugene Ore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Killed by Indians on this spot Aug 1, 1861 and 800 head of cattle stolen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Erected 1929&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Evans and Bailey fight 1861&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Modoc County Museum, Modoc County Historical Society, Alturas Troop 56 Eagle Scout project.&amp;nbsp; Monument site on top of hill.&#13;
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S. D. Evans, Sr. and Joe Bailey, stockmen from Rogue River Valley, Oregon, and 16 of their employees were driving 900 head of beef cattle from Roseburg to the mines at Virginia City, Nevada when they were attacked by Indians and the two owners killed.&#13;
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                <text>Registered 7/6/1933</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0430 Fort Bidwell&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Fort Bidwell Indian Community Center, W end of Bridge St, Fort Bidwell&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B051'31.1%22N+120%C2%B009'31.7%22W/@41.85865,-120.1601185,511m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d41.85865!4d-120.158812?hl=en&amp;amp;authuser=1"&gt;41.85865,-120.158812&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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No plaque.&amp;nbsp; I have heard the former state plaque has been removed by the owners of the site.&#13;
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Fort Bidwell, named for John Bidwell, was established in 1865. The fort, which operated until 1893, was one of the last early military posts north of Benicia to be abandoned. From 1898 to 1930, the fort served as a non-reservation boarding school for Indians.&#13;
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                <text>Registered 3/16/1949</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0546 Applegate-Lassen Emigrant Trail (Fandango Pass)&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
Fandango Pass, 10.8 mi E of State Hwy 395 on Fandango Pass Rd (Co Rd 9), 9.2 mi W of Fort Bidwell &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B048'05.5%22N+120%C2%B012'20.0%22W/@41.801532,-120.205558,962m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.801532,-120.205558&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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State plaque&#13;
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
This spot marks the convergence of two pioneer trails used by emigrants during the years 1846-1850. The Applegate Trail, established in 1846, led from the Humboldt River in Nevada to the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The Lassen Cutoff, established by Peter Lassen in 1848, turned south at Goose Lake to the northern mines and settlements of California. Plaque placed by California State Park Commission in cooperation with Modoc County Board of Supervisors and Alturas Parlor No. 159, Native Daughters of the Golden West, July 15, 1956.&#13;
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                <text>Registered 1/27/1956</text>
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                <text>&lt;h2&gt;#0850-2 Tule Lake Relocation Center&lt;/h2&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Site information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
NE corner of State Hwy 139 and Co Rd 176, Newell&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plaque and site are gated and owned by the National Park Service.&amp;nbsp; Tours available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/41%C2%B053'07.5%22N+121%C2%B022'28.7%22W/@41.88541,-121.374651,961m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en"&gt;41.885410,-121.374651&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="595">
                <text>&lt;h4&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Plaque information:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
State plaque&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="596">
                <text>&lt;h4&gt;Plaque text:&lt;/h4&gt;&#13;
May 1942&amp;nbsp; Tule Lake&amp;nbsp; March 1946&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tule Lake was one of ten American concentration camps established during World War II to incarcerate 110,000 persons of Japanese ancestry, of whom the majority were American citizens, behind barbed wire and guard towers without charge, trial, or establishment of guilt. These camps are reminders of how racism, economic and political exploitation, and expediency can undermine the constitutional guarantees of United States citizens and aliens alike. May the injustices and humiliation suffered here never recur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the Northern California-Western Nevada District Council, Japanese American Citizens League, May 27, 1979.&#13;
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